CIRCUITS AND SIGNALS

Course Contents

• Network Topology
  Introduction to network topology. Tree branch selection: Circuit point of view. Network equilibrium equations. Number of independent equations. Fundamental loop and cutset methods of analysis.
  
  
• Introduction to Signals:
  Signal classifications: Continuous, discrete, stochastic, even-odd signals, mathematical models of ideal signals. Elementary/test signals, power and energy signal. Response of test signals to LTI systems. Linear convolution and its properties. Discrete time elementary sequences: Delta sequence, unit step sequence. Representation of arbitrary sequence by elementary sequences. Discrete time convolution.
  
  
• Application of Fourier Series
  Steady state analysis of circuits with non-sinusoidal waveforms. Extension of phasor concept. Calculation of real and apparent power with non-sinusoidal waveforms.
  
  
• Frequency Domain Analysis
  Application of Laplace transform to network analysis: Network functions, natural frequencies, concept of poles and zeros, their locations on the s-plane. Frequency response plots. Initial and final values.
  
  
• Two Port Networks
  Definition of port, network functions, z-, y-, T- and h-matrices, relationship between two-port matrices, interconnection of two-port networks. Properties of networks in terms of matrix parameters: Reciprocity, symmetry and anti-symmetry. Network equivalents, duality, and balanced and unbalanced networks. Definition of insertion loss and transmission loss, transfer functions in term of two-port parameters. 
  
  
• State Variable Analysis of RLC Networks
  Concept of state. Definition of state variables. Formulation of state equations of simple RLC networks using superposition principles. s-domain solution of state equations.
  
  
• Elements of Network Synthesis 
  Introduction to network synthesis. Positive real function synthesis of single port network (RL, RC, LC)- Cauer and Foster forms.. 
  
  
• Filters
  Introduction, types of filters, approximations: Butterworth and Chebyshev filters.
  
  Learning Outcome of Subject  
  

  At the completion of the subject, students should be able to:

  • Discuss the concepts of network graphs
  • Draw mathematical models of signals
  • Compute the Fourier series and analyse the electric circuits using frequency domain approaches
  • Analyse two-port networks and compute network parameters
  • Syntheses one-port networks.
  • Derive state space model for electric circuits
  • Analyse and design simple filters
  • Undertake, under supervision, laboratory experiments to demonstrate the differences between Butterworth and Chebyshev low-pass Filters
  • Undertake, under supervision, design of active Butterworth and Chebyshev low-pass filters using OrCAD PSpice A/D

    
    

  Programme Outcomes (% of contribution)
  

  • Ability to acquire and apply fundamental principles of science and engineering. - 50%
  • Capability to communicate effectively. - 10%
  • Acquisition of technical competence in specialized areas of engineering discipline. - 10%
  • Ability to identify, formulate and model problems and find engineering solutions based on a system approach. - 10%
  • Understanding of the importance of sustainability and cost-effectiveness in design and development of engineering solutions. - 10%
  • Ability to work effectively as an individual, and as a member/leader in a team. - 10%